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Place of Birth
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Selection Date
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| Kondratiyev | Dmitry Yuritevich | 26.05.1969 | Irkutsk | 28.07.1997 | Pilot | active | 0 | 0 | 0 | single | ||
| Poleshchuk | Aleksandr Fyodorovich | 30.10.1953 | Cheremkhovo / Region Irkutsk | 25.01.1989 | Flight Engineer | active | 1 | 179 | 0 | 43 | married | one |
| Volynov | Boris Valentinovich | 18.12.1934 | Irkutsk | 07.03.1960 | Commander | Ret. 17.03.1990 | 2 | 52 | 7 | 17 | married | two |
| Kondratiyev, Dmitry |
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Dmitry Yurievich Kondratiyev
Status: Active. Trained as:
Cosmonaut. Profession: Pilot. Sex: Male. Marital Status:
Single. Birth Date: 26 May 1969. Birth City: Irkutsk.
Birth Country: Russia. Nationality: Russian. Affiliation:
Russian Air Force. Group: 1997 Air Force Group. Date Selected:
28 July 1997.
| Polishchuk |
Official NASA Biography - 1994
In February 1989, he was enrolled in a cosmonaut detachment as a candidate test cosmonaut. In the period from September 1989 to January 1991, he underwent the complete course of general space training and qualified as a test cosmonaut.
From February 1991 to March 1992, he trained for a flight on the Soyuz-TM transport vehicle and the Mir Station as a member of a group.
From March until July 1992, he underwent flight training to be the
flight engineer of a back-up Russian-French crew comprising G.M. Manakov,
A.F. Poleshchuk, and J.P.Haigneré, of France.
He underwent a complete course of training to be the flight engineer for the Soyuz-TM transport vehicle and Mir Station for the 13th primary expedition and, in the period from January 24 to March 22, 1993, accomplished a 179-day space flight with G.M. Manakov.
During the flight, two EVAs were performed, lasting a total of 9 hours and 58 minutes. Testing of the androgynous peripheral docking subassembly of the "Kristall" module was performed.
At present, he is undergoing flight training to be the flight engineer of the stand-by Russian crew for the Mir-18 expedition as part of the Mir-Shuttle program.
Soyuz TM-13 and TM-14 crews were reshuffled extensively due to commercial seat bookings by Austria and Germany and the necessity of flying a Kazakh-born cosmonaut as part of the Baikonur rental agreement. This was the original crew assignment. The Kazakh researchers were moved to the earlier Soyuz TM-13 flight.
Mir Expedition EO-12. Russian astronauts Solovyov and Avdeev and French astronaut Tognini were inserted into an initial 190 x 200 km orbit inclined 51.6 deg. Later on July 27 they maneuvered to a 223 x 343 km orbit, and on July 28 docked with Mir in its 405 x 410 km orbit. Aleksandr Solovyov and Sergey Avdeev undocked from the Mir complex aboard Soyuz TM-15 on February 1 and landed the same day in Kazakhstan after six months in space at 03:58 GMT. Soyuz TM-15's flight was an in-orbit record for a Soyuz spaceship - 188 days 21 h 39 m.
Manned two crew. Mir Expedition EO-13. Transported to the Mir manned orbital
station a crew of the thirteenth main expedition comprising the cosmonauts
G M Manakov and A F Poleschuk. The Soyuz carried the APAS androgynous docking
system instead of the usual probe system. Soyuz TM-16 landed at 06:42 GMT
on July 22.
Began installation of Kvant 1 solar array drive unit.
Completed installation of Kvant 1 solar array drive unit.
MAY 1994
Flight Log
| Volynov |
Joint flight with Vostok 4. The first such flight, where Vostok capsules were launched one day apart, coming within a few kilometers of each other at the orbital insertion of the second spacecraft. The flight was supposed to occur in March, but following various delays, one of the two Vostok pads was damaged in the explosion of the booster of the third Zenit-2 reconnsat in May. Repairs were not completed until August. Vostok 3 studied man's ability to function under conditions of weightlessness; conducted scientific observations; furthered improvement of space ship systems, communications, guidance and landing. Immediately at orbital insertion of Vostok 4, the spacecraft were less than 5 km apart. Popovich made radio contact with Cosmonaut Nikolayev. Nikolayev reported shortly thereafter that he had sighted Vostok 4. Since the Vostok had no maneuvering capability, they could not rendezvous or dock, and quickly drifted apart. The launches did allow Korolev to offer something new and different, and gave the launch and ground control crews practice in launching and handling more than one manned spacecraft at a time. The cosmonaut took colour motion pictures of the earth and the cabin interior. Recovered August 15, 1962 6:52 GMT. Landed 48:02N 75:45 E.
Joint flight with Vostok 3. Acquisition of experimental data on the possibility of establishing a direct link between two space ships; coordination of astronauts' operations; study of the effects of identical spaceflight conditions on the human organism. Popovich had problems with his life support system, resulting in the cabin temperature dropping to 10 degrees Centigrade and the humidity to 35%. The cosmonaut still managed to conduct experiments, including taking colour motion pictures of the terminator between night and day and the cabin interior.
Despite the conditions, Popovich felt able to continue for the full
four days scheduled. But before the mission, Popovich had been briefed to
tell ground control that he was 'observing thunderstorms' if he felt the
motion sickness that had plagued Titov and needed to return on the next
opportunity. Unfortunately, he actually did report seeing thunderstorms
over the Gulf of Mexico, and ground control took this as a request for an
early return. He was ordered down a day early, landing within a few mintutes
of Nikolayev. Only on the ground was it discovered that he was willing to
go the full duration, and that ground control had thought he had given the
code. Recovered August 15, 1962 6:59 GMT. Landed 48:09 N 71:51 E.
Joint flight with Vostok 6. The Soviet Union launched Vostok 5, piloted by Lt. Col. Valery F. Bykovsky. Two days later Lt. Valentina V. Tereshkova, the first spacewoman, followed in Vostok 6. On its first orbit, Vostok 6 came within about five km of Vostok 5, the closest distance achieved during the flight, and established radio contact. Both cosmonauts landed safely on June 19. The space spectacular featured television coverage of Bykovsky that was viewed in the West as well as in Russia. Unlike earlier missions, only a black and white film camera was carried. Photometric measurements of the earth's horizon were made.
Mission objectives were officially: further study of the effect of various space-flight factors in the human organism; extensive medico-biological experiments under conditions of prolonged flight; further elaboration and improvement of spaceship systems.
Vostok 5 was originally planned to last for a record eight days. The
launch was delayed repeatedly due to high solar activity and technical problems.
Finally the spacecraft ended up in a lower than planned orbit. Combined
with increased atmospheric activity due to solar levels, Vostok 5's orbit
quickly decayed, and temperatures in the service module reached very high
levels.
Bykovsky also experienced an unspecified problem with his waste management system (a spill?) which made conditions in the cabin 'very uncomfortable'. He was finally ordered to return after only five days in space.
To top it all off, once again the Vostok service module failed to separate cleanly from the reentry sphere. Wild gyrations ensued until the heat of reentry burned through the non-separating retraining strap. Recovered June 19, 1963 11:06 GMT. Landed 53:24 N 67:37 E.
Proposed high altitude manned Vostok flight for extended scientific
studies. Spacecraft would have been allowed to naturally decay to a re-entry
after ten days. Purposes of these flights were to be: geophysical and astronomical
research; photography of the solar corona; solar x-ray imagery; medical-biological
research; detailed study of the effects of weightlessness on the human organism;
dosimetry; and engineering tests of ion flow sensors to be used for orientation
of later Soyuz spacecraft. All remaining Vostok missions cancelled in Spring
1964.
The U.S.S.R. launched the world's first multi-manned spacecraft, Voskhod I, the first to carry a scientist and a physician into space. The crew were Col. Vladimir Komarov, pilot; Konstantin Feoktistov, scientist; and Boris Yegorov, physician. Potentially dangerous modification of Vostok to upstage American Gemini flights; no spacesuits, ejection seats, or escape tower. One concession was backup solid retrorocket package mounted on nose of spacecraft. Seats mounted perpendicular to Vostok ejection seat position, so crew had to crane their necks to read instruments, still mounted in their original orientation. Tested the new multi-seat space ship; investigated the in-flight work potential and co-operation of a group of cosmonauts consisting of specialists in different branches of science and technology; conducted scientific physico-technical and medico-biological research. The mission featured television pictures of the crew from space.
Land recovery made possible by rocket package suspended above capsule in parachute lines, which ignited just prior to impact in order to cushion landing. The trio landed after 16 orbits of the earth, 24 hours and 17 min after they had left, on October 13, 1964 7:47 GMT.
Coming before the two-man Gemini flights, Voskhod 1 had a significant
worldwide impact. In the United States, the "space race" was again
running under the green flag. NASA Administrator James E. Webb, commenting
on the spectacular, called it a "significant space accomplishment."
It was, he said, "a clear indication that the Russians are continuing
a large space program for the achievement of national power and prestige."
Planned duration 19 days. Biological endurance mission cancelled after
near-disaster with Voskhod 2. Initial orbit was to have been 175 km x 500
km at 65 deg. Follow-up missions with journalist, physician, and all-female
crews also cancelled. Original Prime Crew was Katys, Volynov; Backup Crew:
Beregovoi, Demin; Support Crew: Artyukhin, Shatalov. These assignments were
reshuffled to those shown when Katys had to be dropped from the prime crew.
Second manned Soyuz flight. Rendezvoused with the unmanned Soyuz 2 but
failed to dock. Complex testing of spaceship systems; development, in joint
flight with space ship Soyuz 2, of processes of space ship manoeuvring and
docking in artificial earth satellite orbit; development of elements of
celestial navigation; conduct of research under space flight conditions.
The failed docking was blamed on manual control of the Soyuz by Beregovoi,
who repeatedly put the spacecraft in an orientation that nulled the automatic
docking system. Beregovoi used nearly all of his orientation fuel in his
first attempt to dock - of 80 kg allocated, only 8 to 10 kg was remaining.
Recovered October 30, 1968 7:25 GMT.
Commander Volynov shuttled the EVA crew of Yeliseyev and Khrunov into earth orbit. A day later Soyuz 4 docked with Soyuz 5. The Soyuz 4 active spacecraft was equipped with a long docking probe, designated 'Shtir'. The Soyuz 5 target spacecraft was equipped with the 'Konus' receptacle. The symbology lead Volynov to joke that he 'was being raped' when the hard docking was accomplished. Khrunov and Yeliseyev transferred to and returned in Soyuz 4, the feat they had hoped to accomplish in the cancelled Soyuz 2 flight almost two years earlier. Officially the flight conducted scientific, technical and medico-biological research, checking and testing of onboard systems and design elements of space craft, docking of piloted space craft and construction of an experimental space station, transfer of cosmonauts from one craft to another in orbit.
Volynov remained behind to live through the most unbelievable re-entry in the history of spaceflight. The service module of the Soyuz failed to separate after retrofire. Once the Soyuz started reaching the tendrils of the atmosphere, the combined spacecraft sought the most aerodynamically stable position - nose forward, with the heavy descent module with its light metal entry hatch at the front, the less dense service module with its flared base to the back. Luckily the struts between the descent and service modules broke off or burned through before the hatch melted through and the descent module righted itself, with the heat shield to the rear, before being consumed. Due to a failure of the soft-landing rockets the landing was harder than usual and Volynov broke his teeth. Recovered January 18, 1969 07:58 GMT.
Planned first crew to the first Almaz space station. Cancelled after the loss of control of Almaz OPS 1 (Salyut 2) in orbit.
On 4 July Soyuz 14 docked with the Salyut 3 space station after 15 revolutions
of the earth. The planned experimental program included manned military
reconnaissance of the earth's surface, assessing the fundamental value of
such observations, and some supplemental medico-biological research. All
objectives were successfully completed and the spacecraft was recovered
on July 19, 1974 at 12:21 GMT, landing within 2 km of the target point 140
km SE Dzkezkazgan. After the crew's return, research continued in the development
of the on-board systems and the principles of remote control of such a station.
Soyuz 15 was to conduct the second phase of manned operations aboard the Salyut 3 military space station, but the Igla rendezvous system failed and no docking was made. The two day flight could only be characterised as '... research in manoeuvring and docking with the OPS in various modes, and development of methods for evacuation and landing from space complex in new conditions....' The crew was recovered on August 28, 1974 20:10 GMT. Officially: Conduct of joint experiments with the Salyut-3 orbital scientific station.
Planned but cancelled third mission to the Salyut 3 space station.
Manned two crew. Docked with Salyut 5. Conduct of joint experiments
with the Salyut-5 orbital research station. Mission was to last for two
months; cut short by a gradually worsening illness of Zholobov. Landed 200
km SW Kokchetav. Recovered August 25, 1976 18:33 GMT.
Final expedition to Salyut 7 station was cancelled when control was lost.
More info: austronautix.com, Yuri Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre
Copyright (c) WWW Irkutsk, Mark Wad